Which theory emphasizes development through stages in which the child moves from self-centeredness to viewing others as separate objects in relation to self?

• A. Object Relations Theory
• B. Ego Psychology
• C. Psychosocial Theory
• D. Analytical Psychology

Answer: (A)

Object relations theory focuses on how early interactions with caregivers shape internal representations of self and others. In infancy, the world is experienced in a self-centered way, but through consistent caregiving the child learns to differentiate and view others as separate objects in relation to the self. This progression—from a self-focused experience to recognizing others as distinct beings with their own needs and responses—drives the development of more mature interpersonal functioning and the ability to form stable relationships.

Ego psychology centers on how the ego functions to cope with reality and manage internal conflicts, not specifically on the early shift to seeing others as separate objects. Psychosocial theory emphasizes a sequence of life-span crises and social tasks rather than this particular shift in object perception. Analytical psychology focuses on archetypes and the collective unconscious rather than early object relations and differentiation between self and others.