The process of redirecting sexual and other biological energies into socially acceptable and creative avenues is known as what?

• A. Oedipus complex
• B. Repression
• C. Psychic energy
• D. Sublimation

Answer: (D)

Sublimation is a mature defense mechanism in psychoanalytic theory where sexual and other powerful urges are redirected into socially valued, constructive activities. By channeling energy into creative or productive outlets—such as art, science, or sports—the internal tension is expressed in ways that benefit society while reducing anxiety. This is different from repression, which simply pushes unacceptable thoughts out of conscious awareness without transforming the energy into something constructive; the Oedipus complex involves a developmental stage with attractions to the opposite-sex parent; and psychic energy refers to the energy itself, not a mechanism for redirecting impulses.