Qualitative research commonly employs which methods?

• A. Randomized controlled trials.
• B. Statistical analyses of variance.
• C. Document and content analysis; case studies; cultural anthropology.
• D. Neuroimaging techniques.

Answer: (C)

Qualitative research centers on understanding meaning, context, and human experiences through rich, non-numeric data. Methods like document and content analysis, case studies, and cultural anthropology are designed to interpret texts, contexts, and social practices in depth, capturing how people think and behave in real settings. These approaches involve themes, patterns, and narratives drawn from interviews, field notes, artifacts, and cultural observations rather than numbers. In contrast, randomized controlled trials and analyses of variance rely on numerical data to test hypotheses, and neuroimaging techniques typically produce measurable brain activity data. So, the methods listed—document and content analysis; case studies; cultural anthropology—best reflect qualitative inquiry.