Derived Score is defined as any score that is not a raw score, obtained from a formula using the raw score data.

• A. Raw Score
• B. Derived Score
• C. Norming
• D. Reliability Coefficient

Answer: (B)

In test scoring, there are raw scores and derived scores. A raw score is the straight tally of correct responses or points earned before any adjustment. A derived score is created by applying a formula to that raw data—so the result is not the raw tally itself but a transformed value derived from it. For example, converting a raw score to a percentage, percentile rank, or a standard score (like z-scores, T-scores, or scaled scores) all involve formulas applied to the raw data. These derived scores allow meaningful comparisons across tests or groups because they place results on a common scale. The other terms don’t fit: a raw score is the original, untransformed tally; norming concerns establishing normative data or benchmarks; and a reliability coefficient measures consistency, not a transformed score.